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An Explanation Of Different Types Of Dc Electric Motor
There are a number of different motors on the market
, each best suited for a number of different applications (some applications needs are even able to be met by two or three different types). For those of you who arent familiar with one of the more popular types, a DC electric motor is designed to run using DC electric power. This article is aimed at outlining some of the different types of DC motor, giving even the most novice of people a better understanding.Brushed
These motors include a wound rotor (also known as an armature), a split ring commutator, and either a wound or a permanent magnet stator. An electrical power source feeds the rotor windings through the commutator and its accompanying brushes, which temporarily magnetizes the rotor core in a specific direction. As the rotor turns, the commutator switches power, ensuring that the magnetic poles of the rotor do not ever align with the magnetic poles of the stator field. This ensures that the rotor never stops.
Brushless
This type was designed to eliminate some of the problems that were experienced in the brushed design. Instead of a commutator, this DC motor operates on an external electronic switch that is synchronized with the rotors position. It actually closely resembles a stepper motor in design.
Coreless/Ironless
This is a specialized form of the brush or brushless DC electric motor, which is optimised for acceleration. Their rotors are constructed using a core that does not contain any iron. The rotor can instead take the form of a winding-filled cylinder or a self-supporting structure, and can easily fit inside the stator magnets.
Printed Armature/Pancake
Often recalled for its unusual design, the windings in this type of DC motor are shaped like a disc that runs between arrays of high-flux magnets. These magnets are arranged in a circle that faces the rotor, leaving space in between each to form an axial air gap. The name pancake originates from its extremely flat profile.
When you are next in need of a DC electric motor, you will now understand that you have more than one type to choose from. Whilst there are a number of issues associated with the brushed version, it was the first type of DC motor on the market and retains a number of its advantages to this day. For some applications, however, you will find that a brushless, coreless or printed armature version is better suited.
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