Variable Speed Motor
The term "Variable Speed Motor" refers to the motor
, which moves at several speeds to precisely control the flow of energy. A variable speed motor is equipment that regulates the speed and rotational force, or torque (power) output, of an electric motor. There are various motors used in industry and offices all over the world. Motors are operated in sewage and irrigation pumps, paper machines and power-plant, fans, milking machines and ski lifts, sawmill conveyors and hospital ventilation systems, etc.In most of the industries about 65 percent of electrical energy is consumed by motors. Motors are generally controlled by a vane that controls the airflow or a valve that regulates the flow of fuel while the speed of the motor remains unchanged. There are other methods also through which motors are controlled but they are inefficient from an energy point of view, such as using two-speed motors or controlling them by switching on or off. One of the main reasons why Variable Speed Motor saves energy is because they can change the speed of an electrical motor by controlling the power that is fed into the machine.
AC Motor:
AC electric motor is usually a induction motor with three phase used in a Variable Frequency Drive system. Three phase motors are generally preferred instead of single phase motors. There are two main categories of ac motors viz. Asynchronous and Synchronous electric motors. The common form of asynchronous motor is induction ac motor and it is basically an ac transformer with a rotating secondary. In Induction ac motors power source is connected to the primary winding i.e. stator and the induced secondary current is carried by the shorted Secondary i.e. rotor. Torque is produced on the air-gap flux by the action of the rotor currents. On the other hand synchronous motor greatly differs in operational and design characteristics, and it is considered as a separate class of ac motor. In some situations various types of synchronous motors offer advantages, but for the most purposes and economical choice three phase induction motors are suitable.
Variable frequency drives:
Variable frequency drives are used in industrial, building automation, agricultural, pumping, irrigation and wastewater applications to control the speed of pumps and fans in various systems. When variable frequency drive is added to a motor driven system it saves potential energy of the system and the loads vary with time. Variable frequency drives generally belong to a group of equipment known as variable speed drives or adjustable speed drives. By changing the frequency of the motor supply voltage the operating speed of a motor connected to a Variable frequency drives can be varied. This process allows continuous speed control. Considering the safety factor Motor driven systems are designed to handle the peak loads. This generally leads to energy inefficiency in systems that operate at reduced load for extended periods. Due to the closer matching of motor output to load through adjustable motor speed leads to energy saving.
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