subject: What is the Global Positioning Satellite device or GPS? [print this page] What is the Global Positioning Satellite device or GPS?
The GPS system is managed by the U.S. Department of Defense and connects between 24 and 32 satellites that form a "constellation" in medium Earth orbit. This corresponds to a distance of at least 20,000 km above the earth's surface, a lower altitude than the satellites (TV, telephony and internet) and meteorological satellites in geostationary orbit, approximately 35,000 km.
The more satellites the GPS global positioning system, the higher the accuracy of data received is great. If a satellite fails or sends wrong signals, these signals are canceled from the records of another satellite of the constellation.
GPS receivers have been designed in the 1960s at the height of the Cold War. They were then intended for military applications and information. But in 1983, after the USSR had shot down a Korean civilian aircraft that had gone astray and had entered Russian territory, Ronald Reagan, then U.S. president, said the development of a civilian version of GPS, available at all. Currently, access to GPS is free. It requires no subscription or fees. However, it must have a GPS receiver to use the system.
This system is currently used in dozens of applications, including aviation and shipping, road transport, cartographic drafting, research on earthquakes, climate studies and outdoor activity known as Name of GPS treasure hunt.
A standard GPS receiver is equipped with an antenna that detects frequencies transmitted by satellites. This antenna picks up signals and transmits them to the recipient processor which then takes care of displaying the position and time very accurately.
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